Key result
Deferring advanced ischemia testing by CACS-CL linked to ~30% lower radiation and costs.
Why the study?
Gatekeeper strategies using risk factor-weighted clinical likelihood alone or combined with coronary artery calcium score-weighted clinical likelihood may reduce normal scans, radiation exposure, and healthcare costs.
Do diagnostic algorithms using RF-CL and CACS-CL as gatekeepers reduce radiation exposure and costs without missing ischemia in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndromes?
Observational (n=1,792)
Do diagnostic algorithms using RF-CL and CACS-CL as gatekeepers reduce radiation exposure and costs without missing ischemia in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndromes?
Deferring advanced ischemia testing when CACS-CL is ≤ 5% safely reduces radiation exposure and healthcare costs in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndromes.
May support deferring PET via combined likelihood scores to cut exposure and costs; leaves open prospective outcome validation before practice change.
Introduction and objectives: Gatekeeper strategies using risk factor-weighted clinical likelihood (RF-CL), alone or combined with coronary artery calcium score-weighted clinical likelihood (CACS-CL), may reduce the number of normal scans, radiation exposure, and health care costs. Methods: Three diagnostic algorithms based on RF-CL and CACS-CL were evaluated in 1792 patients (mean age 65 ± 11 years; 43% female) referred for rubidium-82 (^82Rb) positron emission tomography (PET). Algorithm 1 deferred testing if RF-CL ≤ 5%. Algorithm 2 reclassified patients with RF-CL > 5%-15% using CACS-CL and deferred testing if either RF-CL or CACS-CL was ≤ 5%. Algorithm 3 deferred testing if CACS-CL ≤ 5%. Missed diagnoses, normal scans, radiation exposure, and costs were compared with the current reference standard (CACS + PET). Endpoints were defined as small ischemia (summed difference score [SDS] ≥ 2) and relevant ischemia (≥ 10% of the myocardium). Results: Median RF-CL and CACS-CL were 11% [6-19] and 12% [3-28], respectively. Algorithm 1 reduced radiation exposure and costs by 22.0% while maintaining high gatekeeper performance (sensitivity/negative predictive value [NPV]: 92.7%/98.2%). Algorithm 2 deferred the largest proportion of patients (36.4%) but missed small ischemia in 2.0%. Algorithm 3 demonstrated the best overall gatekeeper performance, reducing radiation exposure by 28.7% and costs by 29.7% without compromising diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity/NPV: 93.2%/98.4% for small ischemia and 97.0%/99.7% for relevant ischemia). Conclusions: Refining RF-CL in all patients and deferring testing when CACS-CL ≤ 5% provided the most effective gatekeeper strategy in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndromes. Introducción y objetivos: La utilización de la probabilidad clínica ponderada por factores de riesgo (RF-CL) y su combinación con la puntuación de calcio arterial coronario (CACS-CL) podrían reducir las exploraciones normales, la exposición a radiación y los costes. Métodos: Se estudiaron 3 algoritmos diagnósticos que utilizan la RF-CL y CACS-CL en 1.792 pacientes (65 ± 11 años, 43% mujeres) derivados para realización de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con rubidio-82 ( 82 Rb). Algoritmo 1: aplazar la prueba si RF-CL ≤ 5%; algoritmo 2: reclasificar con CACS-CL si RF-CL > 5-15% y aplazar si RF-CL o CACS-CL ≤ 5%, y algoritmo 3: aplazar si CACS-CL ≤ 5%. Se compararon los diagnósticos perdidos, las exploraciones normales, la exposición a radiación y los costes frente al estándar de referencia actual (CACS + PET). Los parámetros de evaluación fueron la isquemia pequeña (suma de la puntuación diferencial [SPD] ≥ 2) y la relevante (≥ 10% del miocardio). Resultados: La mediana de la RF-CL y CACS-CL fue del 11 [6-19] y del 12% [3-28], respectivamente. El algoritmo 1 redujo la exposición a radiación y costes en un 22,0%, manteniendo una alta precisión en el rendimiento del cribado (sensibilidad/valor predictivo negativo [VPN] del 92,7/98,2%). El algoritmo 2 aplazó la mayor proporción de pacientes (36,4%), pero pasó por alto la isquemia leve en el 2,0%. El algoritmo 3 demostró el mejor rendimiento reduciendo la exposición a radiación y los costes en un 28,7 y 29,7%, respectivamente, sin comprometer la precisión (sensibilidad/VPN del 93,2/98,4% para la isquemia leve y del y 97,0/99,7% para la relevante). Conclusiones: El refinamiento de la RF-CL en todos los pacientes y el aplazamiento si la CACS-CL ≤ 5% proporcionaron el mejor rendimiento de cribado ante la sospecha de síndrome coronario crónico.
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Frey et al. (2026) conducted an observational in suspected chronic coronary syndromes (n=1,792). Diagnostic algorithms based on risk factor-weighted and CACS-weighted clinical likelihoods vs. Current reference standard (CACS + PET) was evaluated on Small ischemia (summed difference score ≥ 2) and relevant ischemia (≥ 10% of the myocardium). Deferring advanced ischemia testing when CACS-CL ≤ 5% reduced radiation exposure by 28.7% and costs by 29.7% while maintaining 97.0% sensitivity and 99.7% NPV for relevant ischemia.
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