Key result
Overweight and obese prepubertal children exhibited increased oxidative stress markers, and their estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased across increasing tertiles of plasma nitrates and nitrites (P for linear trend = 0.003).
Why the study?
Are oxidative stress and nitric oxide production increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children, and do they correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function?
Cross-Sectional (n=313)
No
Are oxidative stress and nitric oxide production increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children, and do they correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function?
Oxidant status and nitric oxide production are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children, correlating with higher cardiometabolic risk markers and affecting renal function.
May link higher NO metabolites to early renal decline in obese children; hypothesis-generating, requiring longitudinal data before clinical consideration.
Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years. Anthropometrics, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were compared among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according to WHO BMI z-score reference. U-Isop were increased in the obese group, whereas U-NOx were increased in both overweight and obese children. U-Isop were positively correlated with U-H2O2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR and TAG. TAS correlated negatively with U-Isop and MPO and positively with PWV. HOMA-IR and U-H2O2 were associated with higher U-Isop, independently of BMI and eGFR, and total cholesterol and U-H2O2 were associated with U-NOx, independently of BMI, eGFR values and P-NOx concentration. In overweight and obese children, eGFR decreased across P-NOx tertiles (median: 139·3 (25th, 75th percentile 128·0, 146·5), 128·0 (25th, 75th percentile 121·5, 140·4), 129·5 (25th, 75th percentile 119·4, 138·3), P for linear trend=0·003). We conclude that oxidant status and NO are increased in relation to fat accumulation and, even in young children, they translate into higher values of cardiometabolic risk markers and affect renal function.
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Correia‐Costa et al. (2016) conducted a cross-sectional in Childhood Obesity (n=313). Overweight and obesity vs. Normal weight was evaluated on Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) across plasma nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx) tertiles in overweight and obese children (p=0.003). Overweight and obese prepubertal children exhibited increased oxidative stress markers, and their estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased across increasing tertiles of plasma nitrates and nitrites (P for linear trend = 0.003).
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