An electrically actuated reconfigurable liquid-metal dipole antenna is presented. Using electrocapillary actuation, a 5 VDC signal can actuate the liquid metal Galinstan into five discrete states with varying polarizations and null directions. Local surface-energy wells built into the polyimide fixture encasing the fluids enable metastable locking of the Galinstan, eliminating the need for a continuous dc bias voltage to maintain each state.
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Zhang et al. (2017) studied this question.
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