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The dynamic performance of a hydraulic system is dependent on the fluid bulk modulus, which can be affected by several factors including air release and pipe compliance. A technique is described for the in situ measurement of the speed of sound from which the bulk modulus may be evaluated. It entails analysis of pressure ripple recorded at three locations in the hydraulic line. Measured values of the bulk modulus in high-pressure pipes were found to be close to the isentropic tangent bulk modulus predicted from the fluid manufacturer's data.
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Johnston et al. (1991) studied this question.
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