Two methods are described for determining the gain and effective area of an electro-magnetic horn antenna. The first of these is an experimental method based on the reciprocal properties of antennas. The second method uses data obtained from measured receiving patterns, and from theoretical patterns, for calculation of values for gain and effective area. Comparable values are found from experiment and calculation for eight different horn antennas. It is concluded that the calculations described give satisfactory values of gain and effective area, taking the reciprocity values as standards.
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Watson et al. (1948) studied this question.
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