External Heat Transfer Predictions in a Highly Loaded Transonic Linear Turbine Guide Vane Cascade Using an Upwind Biased Navier–Stokes Solver

External heat transfer predictions are performed for two-dimensional turbine blade cascades. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with algebraic (Arnone and Pacciani, 1998), one-equation (Spalart and Allmaras, 1994), and two-equation (low-Re k–ε, Biswas and Fukuyama, 1994) turbulence closures are solved with a fully implicit time-marching finite volume method. Comparisons with measurements (Arts et al., 1990; Arts, 1994) for a highly loaded transonic turbine nozzle guide vane cascade show good agreement in some cases, but also reveal problems with transition prediction and turbulence modeling. Special attention has been focused on the low-Re k–ε model concerning the influence of the inlet boundary condition for the ε-equation and problems in the stagnation point region.