Structure of Flux Lines in Three-Dimensional Layered Type-II Superconductor: Numerical Experiments

We clarified the vortex structure of modeled 3D type-II layered superconductors by solving directly the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled with the Maxwell equation. We found, in both modeled type- A (d≈ξc) and type- B (dξc) systems, where d and ξc are a layer periodicity and a coherence length in the c axis, respectively, stable entangled vortex structures near the sample edge by the external field inclined with respect to the c axis. By increasing the temperature in the modeled type- B system, we also found a change from straight to staircase vortices consisting of segments parallel and perpendicular to layers.