Key result
COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias, driven by ACE2 binding, cytokine storm, and coagulopathy.
Why the study?
Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, serious life-threatening myocardial injuries have been reported, necessitating a detailed review of their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis.
This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic modalities of cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19 infection.
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Heightens vigilance for cardiac complications in COVID-19; extends observational data but leaves optimal management open pending prospective trials.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) took the world by storm after the first case of COVID-19 emerged in China on December 8, 2019. The disease is generally considered as an infection of the respiratory system, but serious life-threatening myocardial injuries have been reported with this infection. Coronavirus can damage cardiac myocytes by entering the cell through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor binding. Myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are cardiac clinical manifestations commonly seen among patients affected by COVID-19. These cardiac pathologies are seen both during ongoing infection and post-infection. Elevated levels of myoglobin, troponin, creatine kinase-MB, plasma interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have been found in COVID-19-associated myocardial injuries. The diagnostic modalities used in myocardial injuries due to COVID-19 include electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), endomyocardial biopsy, echocardiography (Echo), and computerized tomography (CT-Scan). This literature review will discuss, in detail, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of myocardial injuries due to COVID-19.
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Naeem et al. (2023) conducted a review in COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases. COVID-19 was evaluated. COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias, driven by ACE2 binding, cytokine storm, and coagulopathy.
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