Some aspects of gene association with high sport achievements

Most papers on sport genetics identify differences between genotypes of athletes and a control group. It is obvious that the genetic differences should also be among sportsmen with different qualifications. Additionally, athletes’ performance depends not only on their genotypes, but also on the gene activities, which can be different during the training process in various athletes. The aim of the study was to compare genotypes of athletes with different qualifications and to analyze the change in expression of some genes responsible for the physical performance. Genotypes of 143 elite sportsmen of 18 national teams were analyzed by PCR method. A comparison of the genotypes of Masters of Sports, International Masters of Sports and Honored Masters of Sports showed that the frequencies of favorable gene variants were higher in the genotypes of more qualified athletes; it proves an appropriate genetic potential necessity for high achievements in sports. The analysis of UCP2, HIF1A and MTHFR gene expression changes in response to two-week hypoxiс training was performed on 15 skaters of high qualification. We found that average UCP2 and MTHFR mRNA levels had significantly increased after the training but the expression of the HIF1A gene had reduced. At the same time, individual athlete variability in UCP2, HIF1A and MTHFR gene expression was revealed. Genotype influence on gene expression was shown with the help of the UCP2 gene – its activity was higher in sportsmen with Val/Val than with Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotypes. Consequently, genotyping and analysis of gene expression is very important for athlete selection and training.