Plasmas with a single sign of charge (an overview)

This paper presents a brief overview of recent theory and experiment for plasmas with a single sign of charge. In principle these plasmas can be confined forever in a state of thermal equilibrium that is guaranteed to be stable and quiescent. In practice confinement times of hours are routinely obtained. The plasmas can be cooled to the cryogenic temperature range where liquid and crystal-like states are predicted and observed. The plasmas provide experimental access to the parameter regime of strong magnetization where a many particle adiabatic invariant constrains the collisional dynamics. Also, the plasmas can be used to model the 2D vortex dynamics and turbulence of an ideal (incompressible and inviscid) fluid