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The formation conditions of spinel non‐metallic inclusion during deoxidation with aluminum in secondary refining furnace with MgO lining were discussed in the present work. The thermodynamic data of deoxidation equilibrium with magnesium, calcium and aluminum in liquid iron were determined by the authors. The activities of oxygen and dissolved deoxidizer were evaluated in the thermodynamic description by the first and second order interaction parameters including the cross product terms.
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Itoh et al. (2003) studied this question.
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