Dissipative and radiative consequences on diffusional reactive MHD nanofluid flow over an inclined vertical cone in a porous medium with reactive species: FEM study

This study examines an innovative mathematical framework for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid passages over an angled cone dipped in a porous substance, highlighting the combined effects of radiation, heat dissipation, chemical reactions, and nanoparticle transport. The research novelty lies in capturing the flow incited by Brownian motion and thermophoresis, integrated with cross–diffusion effects, offering a unified outline for the analysis of complex conical MHD nanofluid systems. The governing steady, nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed via similarity techniques into dimensionless form and dealt with using the high–precision finite element method. Detailed parametric analysis reveals the effects of the key dimensionless parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields, as well as quantitative valuations of the wall shear stress, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The results indicate that greater thermal radiation, cross–diffusion, heat dissipation, and porosity impact fluid flow, whereas an increased Prandtl number and angle inclination decrease it. The presence of a magnetic field diminishes fluid velocity, whereas its absence accelerates fluid velocity. The dominance of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, viscous dissipation, Dufour, and radiation effects in the flow led to enhanced nanofluid temperature. Likewise, thermophoresis and Soret effects caused the fluid concentration to evolve, whereas Brownian motion and the Lewis number condensed it. The wall friction increases with thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and radiation, but decreases with increasing viscous dissipation and porosity. Furthermore, the model is validated against reference solutions, demonstrating its accuracy and its ability to inform the design and optimization of thermal systems, reactive flow dynamics, and porous media engineering processes.