Previous calculations and computations of resistive magnetohydrodynamic equilibria have revealed helically-deformed steady states with flow, just above critical current thresholds. The poloidal flow pattern consists of paired macroscopic vortices, which effectively transport fluid elements from the center of the plasma column to the perimeter and back. The appearance of the helically-deformed states with vortices can be suppressed by a rigid poloidal rotation, entirely within the magnetohydrodynamic framework. Velocity shear is not required.
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Montgomery et al. (1991) studied this question.
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