A GIS framework for the application of the land degradation neutrality concept in Mediterranean landscapes

Given the absence of soil loss indicators within the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) framework, this study integrates land cover suitability, soil erosion and sediment transport as complementary Mediterranean-tailored indicators. The 309 km2 Lebanese Nahr Ibrahim basin was chosen for this purpose. Land cover suitability was determined by combining land capability-land cover maps, while soil erosion and sediment transport were assessed using the CORINE and SWAT models, respectively. Under current conditions, the following was found: a 34.84% land cover suitability; 4% low, 39.55% moderate and 56.45% high soil erosion risks zones, and 2.85% low, 26% moderate and 68.15% high sediment yields zones. Through the LDN response strategy based land use plan, land cover suitability increased by 26.54%, while soil erosion risks changed by: +3.1% low, +10.85% moderate and −18% high risk zones. For sediment transport, changes were: 0% low, +10.85% moderate and −18% high risk zones, hence the multi-effectiveness of LDN.