Narrative review outlines genomic risks and treatment advances in plasma cell leukemia, highlighting the emerging potential of BCMA-directed cellular therapies.
Key Points
Summarize the biological characteristics, high-risk genomic alterations, clinical presentation, and contemporary therapeutic landscape of plasma cell leukemia.
Synthesized clinical literature defining diagnostic thresholds for plasma cell leukemia, specified by the presence of 5% or more circulating plasma cells.
Evaluated current and emerging treatment modalities, spanning quadruplet induction regimens, autologous stem cell transplantation, and targeted immunotherapies.
Plasma cell leukemia exhibits high-risk cytogenetic features, including enriched frequencies of del(17p), 1q21 gain or amplification, and t(11;14) translocations.
Contemporary front-line management utilizes intensive quadruplet induction, early autologous stem cell transplantation, and continuous maintenance therapy to optimize response depth.
Emerging immune effector approaches, particularly BCMA-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, demonstrate substantial promise for achieving deeper and more durable remissions.