The Ambient Polygraph: Physiological Intelligence as a New Security Domain in 5G-Advanced and 6G Networks

The evolution of 5G-Advanced and 6G networks introduces a fundamental transformation from communication-oriented infrastructures toward intelligent sensing environments. Through Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), future wireless networks will combine data transmission with environmental perception, enabling new capabilities in observing physical interactions while simultaneously creating novel security and privacy challenges. This paper introduces the concept of the Ambient Polygraph as a new security domain emerging from the convergence of 6G sensing technologies, wireless physiological monitoring, and artificial intelligence. Unlike traditional interpretations of polygraph technologies that focus primarily on deception detection, the Ambient Polygraph addresses a broader security concern: the possibility that physiological responses associated with concealed information may become an additional source of intelligence leakage. Recent advances in radar-based and radio-frequency sensing demonstrate that human physiological parameters, including respiration, cardiac activity, and subtle biological responses, can be measured without direct physical contact. Furthermore, psychophysiological research based on the Concealed Information Test (CIT) and related methodologies has demonstrated that hidden or personally significant information may generate measurable physiological responses. The convergence of these capabilities introduces a potential future threat to the protection of confidential knowledge. Business secrets, intellectual property, strategic decisions, operational information, and other sensitive assets may become vulnerable not only through conventional cyberattacks but also through unauthorized inference from physiological responses during confidential interactions. This paper argues that future cybersecurity frameworks must expand beyond the protection of digital files, communication channels, and network infrastructure toward the protection of physiological intelligence. The Ambient Polygraph therefore represents a new research direction at the intersection of 6G security, physiological computing, artificial intelligence, privacy protection, and protection of confidential information.