Cosmetic Product Formulation Using Annatto Pigment Extract Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

This study investigates the formulation of a natural cosmetic product using pigment derived from annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds, which is widely utilised as a natural colourant in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. The objective was to optimise pigment extraction using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and evaluate its suitability for cosmetic formulation. Extraction was performed using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as a co-solvent over a range of operating conditions to identify parameters that provided high pigment recovery. High extraction yields were obtained under several operating conditions, with favourable performance achieved at relatively low temperature, pressure, and flow rate. The annatto pigment extract was incorporated as a colouring agent into a naturally derived lipstick formulation containing beeswax and plant-derived oils. The developed formulation demonstrated satisfactory performance and appearance, confirming the suitability of annatto-derived pigment. Colour analysis indicated that processing conditions influenced extraction yield but did not significantly affect pigment colour or final product appearance. Overall, the results support the use of annatto pigment extracted via SFE as a viable and sustainable option for natural cosmetic product development.