Theoretical analysis reveals identical pairwise kinship metrics yield divergent admixture diversities in multi-way populations, suggesting three-population f3-statistics are required for detection.
Pairwise kinship data Fst is widely used to measure genetic diversity, but it fails for admixtures of three or more populations. This paper proves why using group theory: two different genetic scenarios can have identical pairwise overlaps but produce different admixture diversities (8 vs 4 in Z2,3). Simulations confirm this limitation. The lesson: use three-population f3-statistics instead of pairwise Fst for accurate admixture detection.
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Amirhossein MoradiSizkouhi (2026) studied this question.
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