A Dual Escrow‐Based Arbitratory Framework for Decentralized E‐Commerce Transactions

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain have enabled trustless, low‐cost cross‐border transactions and promoted the rapid development of decentralized e‐commerce. However, existing decentralized e‐commerce systems face three critical limitations: insufficient privacy‐preserving mechanisms, lack of Arbitratory accountability, and unfair dispute resolution without victim compensation. These issues severely hinder real‐world adoption. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel regulated decentralized e‐commerce transaction framework based on dual‐escrow and multisignature smart contracts, integrating game‐theoretic deterrence, cryptographic privacy protection, and conditional identity disclosure. Our main contributions are threefold: (1) Methodological Innovation: We propose a novel compensating MAD game‐theoretic mechanism that mathematically guarantees that violators incur losses exceeding their illegal gains while ensuring honest parties receive full compensation—a property not achieved by prior MAD models. (2) A decoupled contract architecture using 2‐of‐2 multisignature for fund control and 2‐of‐3 multisignature for arbitration, with native design support for BLS aggregate signature extension to reduce gas costs and improve scalability in multiarbitrator scenarios; (3) A privacy‐preserving real‐name commitment exchange protocol based on cryptographically binding real‐name commitments to transactions, enabling Arbitrator‐accessible identity disclosure only upon verified violation; the architecture further reserves modular interfaces for zk‐SNARK integration to conceal transaction amounts and addresses without sacrificing verifiability. We implement the system as smart contracts on the Ethereum testnet and conduct comprehensive security analyses and performance evaluations. The results demonstrate that our scheme achieves strong decentralization, low fraud risk, compliant accountability, lower gas consumption, and reduced on‐chain storage overhead compared with state‐of‐the‐art solutions. This work provides a practical and secure paradigm for real‐world deployable decentralized e‐commerce systems. Meanwhile, a concurrency scheduling strategy is proposed to resolve state read‐write conflicts and lock contention of smart contracts under massive parallel transaction requests to optimize system throughput and latency in high‐concurrency scenarios.