Structural analysis and antioxidant activity of an arabinoxylan from Malvastrum coromandelianum L. (Garcke)

Malvastrum coromandelianum L. (Garcke) is extensively used in traditional medicinal systems to treat various ailments. In the present study, an alkali-soluble polysaccharide (MAP) was isolated from the leaves of M. coromandelianum in 1.15% (w/w) yield. MAP was composed of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-glucose and d-galactose in a 1.00 : 6.04 : 19.88 : 1.07 : 3.03 molar ratio along with d-glucuronic acid (1.95). Methylation/linkage analysis revealed a backbone of →4)-β-d-Xylp(1→ (30.09 mol%) with a side chain of →3)-α-l-Araf(1→ (15.21 mol%) residues. The structure of MAP was elucidated by a combination of degradative and derivatization techniques, including hydrolysis, alditol acetate derivatization, methylation, GC-MS, partial hydrolysis, ESI-MS and NMR (1D, 2D) spectral analysis. Based on correlation analysis, MAP was found to be an arabinoxylan comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-linked Xylp(1→ with branching at O-2 by a →3)-α-l-Araf(1→ and →3)-β-d-Xylp(1→ chain. MAP also exhibited ferric ion reducing activity, with a reducing power of 0.914 ± 0.01 (R2 = 0.972) at 1 mg mL−1 concentration, which showed dose-dependent behavior. MAP can be utilized as a potential antioxidant.