Key result
Immediate availability of a toxicity kit with 20% lipid emulsions and adherence to management protocols are crucial for treating severe systemic toxicity from local anesthetics.
Having a local anesthetic systemic toxicity kit with 20% lipid emulsions readily available is essential for managing potentially devastating cardiorespiratory complications during regional anesthesia.
Systemic toxicity due to local anesthetics is one of the most feared complications in regional anesthesia due to the risk for the heart, the central nervous system and, in particular, the risk of triggering cardiorespiratory arrest, which is difficult to manage, even in healthy patients. Prevention as the main goal, together with prompt recognition and early treatment using several general measures followed by specific treatment with 20% lipid emulsions, improve prognosis dramatically for these patients. Their immediate availability in the operating theater or in areas where regional anesthesia is provided such as the emergency services and rooms where blocks are performed, may make the difference between a favorable or adverse prognosis in situations of severe systemic toxicity from local anesthetics. The objective of this article is to create awareness on the prevention of toxicity events due to local anesthetics and provide knowledge about the management protocols in case such events should happen, recognizing the importance of having a toxicity kit available during daily practice and of following basic management guidelines adapted to the needs of each institution because, although this is a rare occurrence, it may be devastating. La intoxicación sistémica por anestésicos locales es una de las complicaciones más temidas en la anestesia regional por su potencial tóxico cardiaco, neurológico y principalmente por el riesgo de desencadenar paro cardiorrespiratorio de difícil manejo, aún en pacientes sanos. La prevención como la primera meta, seguida de un rápido reconocimiento y tratamiento oportuno basado en diversas medidas generales y luego del tratamiento específico con las emulsiones lipídicas al 20% permiten mejorar drásticamente el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Su disponibilidad inmediata en las salas de cirugía o en las áreas destinadas para la realización de la anestesia regional como sala de bloqueos, servicios de urgencias, entre otros, puede significar la diferencia entre un pronóstico favorable o adverso en situaciones de toxicidad sistémica grave por anestésicos locales. El objetivo de este artículo es sensibilizar al lector para prevenir los eventos de toxicidad por anestésicos locales y en caso de presentarse, conocer el protocolo de manejo y reconocer la importancia de disponer en su práctica diaria de un kit de toxicidad por anestésicos locales, siguiendo unos lineamientos básicos de manejo pero adaptados a las necesidades de cada institución, pues si bien esta complicación es rara, es potencialmente devastadora.
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Valencia et al. (2013) conducted a review in Local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Toxicity kit and management protocols was evaluated. Immediate availability of a toxicity kit with 20% lipid emulsions and adherence to management protocols are crucial for treating severe systemic toxicity from local anesthetics.
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