Key result
In an outbreak investigation of 35 samples from cattle in central Ethiopia, foot-and-mouth disease virus was isolated in 68.75% of samples, with serotype O being the most dominant (87.5%).
Why the study?
Foot-and-mouth disease is an endemic, economically important contagious viral infection, motivating an outbreak investigation to detect and isolate circulating serotypes in central Ethiopia.
Observational (n=35)
Serotype O is the dominant circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus in central Ethiopia, highlighting the need for targeted vaccination strategies.
Foot-and-mouth disease is an endemic and economically important, contagious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals that poses a huge economic impact. This study was an outbreak investigation study to detect and isolate the circulating foot-and-mouth disease serotype in central Ethiopia between December 2020 and March 2021. For this 35-sample outbreak (26 epithelium and 9 swabs), samples were purposively collected. Virus isolation was performed on baby hamster kidney cells line (BHK-21), followed by nucleic acid detection of the agent in the samples using real-time and conventional polymerase chain reactions. Serotyping was done by antigen detection sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the present study, out of 35 samples, only 24 (68.75%) showed a cytopathic effect on a monolayer of the BHK-21 cell line. The nucleic acid of the virus was detected in 24 samples targeting a specific gene called 3D Pol. With regard to the serotype distribution, four serotypes were identified (O, A, SAT2, and SAT1). The dominant serotype circulating in the study area was serotype O (87.5%), followed by serotype A (25%), SAT2 (12.5%), and SAT1 (12.5%). Based on this finding, we recommend that regular outbreak investigation encompassing all the regions and districts be done in order to identify the circulating serotype and that further sequence based analysis of the topotypes be done. This will help with the prevention and control of the diseases through vaccination.
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Negessu et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Foot-and-mouth disease (n=35). Foot-and-mouth disease virus was evaluated on Virus isolation and serotype identification. In an outbreak investigation of 35 samples from cattle in central Ethiopia, foot-and-mouth disease virus was isolated in 68.75% of samples, with serotype O being the most dominant (87.5%).
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