Key result
Estrogen replacement prevented myocarditis, adverse remodeling, and arrhythmias during chronic catecholamine stress by normalizing the CD73/adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Why the study?
Estrogen and CD73 are cardioprotective during myocardial damage, but how they interact to provide cardioprotection under chronic stress was unclear.
Estrogen provides cardioprotection during chronic catecholamine stress by normalizing the CD73/adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, preventing myocarditis and arrhythmias.
Estrogen may mitigate stress-induced cardiac injury via CD73 modulation; leaves open translation to postmenopausal women pending human studies.
BACKGROUND: During myocardial damage, the sex hormone estrogen and CD73, the main enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine, are cardioprotective molecules. However, it is unclear how these two molecules work together to provide cardioprotection. The current study aimed to elucidate the interaction between estrogen and CD73 under chronic stress. METHODS: Ovariectomy and SHAM operations were done on FVB wild-type (WT) female mice. Two weeks after the operation, the mice were treated with daily isoproterenol (10 mg/kg/day) injections for 14 days. The effect of E2 on relevant cardiac injury biomarkers (BNP, ANP), myocardial morphology (cardiomyocyte surface area), electrocardiography, CD73 protein expression and activity, and macrophage (CD86 + and CD206 +) infiltrations were assessed. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with 1 nM of estrogen and 10 mM APCP (CD73 inhibitor α, β-methylene adenosine-5'-diphosphate), 10 µM isoproterenol and 20 µm LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) for 24 h and western blot was done to elucidate the mechanism behind the effect of estrogen on the CD73/adenosine axis. RESULTS: Estrogen deficiency during chronic catecholamine stress caused myocardial injury, thereby triggering the hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis, adverse remodeling, and arrhythmias. However, estrogen normalizes CD73/Adenosine axis via the upregulation of PI3K/Akt pathways to prevent adverse outcomes during stress. In vivo results showed that the inhibition of PI3K significantly decreased PI3K/Akt pathways while upregulating the CD73/adenosine axis and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Estrogen's pleiotropy cardioprotection mechanism during stress includes its normalization of the CD73/Adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Video Abstract.
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Noah et al. (2023) studied Myocarditis and arrhythmias during chronic catecholamine stress. Estrogen (E2) vs. Ovariectomy + Isoproterenol (OVX + ISO) without E2 was evaluated on Myocardial injury, CD73 expression, and adenosine activity. Estrogen replacement prevented myocarditis, adverse remodeling, and arrhythmias during chronic catecholamine stress by normalizing the CD73/adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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