Monitoring of cell layer coverage and differentiation with the organic electrochemical transistor

). OECT monitoring shows that barrier tissue cells lose their barrier function in a standard calcium switch assay, but remain adhered to the surface. Re-addition of calcium results in recovery of barrier tissue function. The entire process is continuously followed both electronically and optically. Finally, high resolution fluorescence imaging of live cells labelled with a red fluorescent actin marker demonstrates the versatility of this method for tracking molecular events optically, with direct correlation to electronic readouts.