Integral equation techniques are often used to extract models of integrated circuit structures. This extraction involves solving a dense system of linear equations, and using direct solution methods is prohibitive for large problems. In this paper, we present IES/sup 3/ (pronounced ice cube), a fast Integral Equation Solver for three-dimensional problems with arbitrary kernels. Extraction methods based on IES/sup 3/ are substantially more efficient than existing multipole-based approaches.
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Kapur et al. (1997) studied this question.
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