A general strategy for the conjugate addition of 2-heteroaryl nucleophiles to cyclic enones, unsaturated lactones, and unsaturated lactams in high enantioselectivities and yields is reported. The use of 2-heteroaryl titanates and zinc reagents offers a practical alternative to 2-heteroarylboronic acids, which are prone to undergo protodeboronation.
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Smith et al. (2009) studied this question.