Optimizing self-compacting concrete with RSM: Balancing limestone filler and silica fume

This research examines the use of response surface methodology (RSM) to model and improve the properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) while fixing the superplasticizer (SP) dosage and varying two key mineral additives (limestone filler (LF) and silica fume (SF). The experimental program was developed to examine the interactive effect of LF (from 10% to 40%) and SF (from 10% to 30%) on the fresh and hardened performance of SCC. An optimal design response surface model was used to create linear or quadratic predictive models to relate the formulation to performance parameters such as slump flow, V-funnel time, l -box ratio, sieve segregation control, and 28-day compressive strength. Statistical tests demonstrated acceptable model fit, with high correlations (R² > 0.95) and a non-significant deviation indicating sufficient strength of the model. The optimization showed that a balanced dosage of LF and SF would produce a SCC with reasonable workability, low segregation and adequate compressive strength, demonstrating that RSM is a systematic and effective methodology to assist in SCC mix design when trying to balance performance between fluidity, stability and strength.