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A description of the generation and evolution of ionospheric oxygen ion conic distributions by electromagnetic ion cyclotron resonance heating is formulated in terms of a path integral. All of the relevant physics is contained in this path integral, which may be used to calculate measurable properties of the conic distribution. Although the presentation is applied to this specific ionospheric context, the treatment may be generalized to treat other diffusion problems of interest.
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Crew et al. (1988) studied this question.
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