Predictors of Resistance Training Behavior among Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Medication Users

Introduction Obesity is a chronic condition affecting around 650 million adults globally, with significant health implications such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) medications have shown efficacy in promoting weight loss among obese individuals, although the weight loss is associated with undesired muscle breakdown. In this study, we investigate the psychosocial determinants of resistance training (RT) behavior among GLP-1 medication users, utilizing the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model. Methods A 1-wk longitudinal study design was adopted, involving members of a medical weight loss program (95.3% female; body mass index, 32.8 ± 7.0 kg·m −2 , 48.8 ± 9.9 yr old), assessing correlates of RT participation through an online survey. Results Psychological capabilities ( b = 0.39, standard error (SE) = 0.14; P = 0.004) and reflective motivation had direct effects on frequency ( b = 1.27, SE = 0.52; P = 0.02). Automatic motivation ( b = 3.40, SE = 1.22; P = 0.005) and physical opportunities ( b = 2.05, SE = 0.92; P = 0.02) had direct effects on duration, and psychological capabilities ( b = 0.41, SE = 0.18; P = 0.03) and automatic motivation ( b = 0.27, SE = 0.13; P = 0.04) had direct effects on intensity. Psychological capabilities directly or indirectly influenced all RT participation characteristics, suggesting a critical role of planning and self-monitoring in fostering RT adherence. Conclusion For GLP-1 users engaging in RT, targeted behavioral interventions may be useful to mitigate muscle loss. Behavior change strategies should focus on psychological capabilities integrating planning and self-monitoring to enhance RT participation, with future research needed to confirm these results in more diverse and larger populations.