carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas is released in the environment. Beside the consumption of energy during the manufacturing of cement, the greenhouse gas emissions are an imperative matter for sustainable concrete construction Considering the sustainability of construction materials, it is important to utilize industrial waste products as a partial cement replacement, one of such waste is the coal bottom ash (CBA), produced through coal-based thermal power plants.
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Mangi et al. (2018) studied this question.