Lead-free piezoelectric Mn-doped Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 (NKN) single crystals have been fabricated by self flux method using KF–NaF eutectic composition. The color of the obtained crystals was different depending on the doped Mn-chemicals. The large-sized single crystals with crystal face of orthorhombic (110) were obtained by optimized heat-treatment condition of the holding time at 1050 and 950 °C of 5 h and the cooling rate of 0.25 °C/min, and their piezoelectric properties were successfully measured by a resonance-antiresonance method. The piezoelectric strain constant ( d 33 ) of 0.5 mol % Mn-doped NKN single crystal was 161 pC/N, and the longitudinal electro-mechanical coupling factor ( k 33 ) showed 0.64.
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Inagaki et al. (2008) studied this question.
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