Autoimmune disorders in child psychiatry: keeping up with the field

Summary Autoimmune disorders in children and adolescents can have significant neuropsychiatric complications and there is growing interest in the association between autoimmune conditions and psychiatric syndromes, particularly in Down syndrome. Acute presentations with psychiatric symptoms require careful assessment in order to recognise and plan treatment of underlying autoimmune disease in collaboration with paediatric colleagues. Difficult treatment decisions arise in children with established autoimmune diagnoses and psychiatric symptoms that may be a result of neuroimmunological processes associated with their condition, psychiatric side-effects of drug treatments or psychopathology resulting from other factors in the history that may or may not have a direct relation to the autoimmune diagnosis. This article illustrates these complexities through discussion of specific autoimmune disorders and three case histories.