Computational fluid dynamic simulations for dispersion of nanoparticles in a magnetohydrodynamic liquid: a Galerkin finite element method

for 200 elemental discretizations. Due to the dispersion of nano-sized particles in the base fluid, an increase in the thermal conduction is noticed. This study also predicts future improvements in the thermal systems. Due to magnetic field and fluid flow interaction, the electrical energy converts into heat. This is undesirable in many thermal systems. Therefore, control of Joule heating in the design of thermos systems is necessary. However, this dissipation of heat may be desirable in some biological fluid flows. An increase in energy losses is noted as magnetic intensity is increased.