Although analogy is rampant in all cognitive fields, it is seldom defined except as isomorphism—a far too special case. The purpose of this paper is to introduce qualitative and quantitative concepts of analogy that can be applied to any pair of systems of known or conjectured composition, environment, and structure. The net result is a definition of the degree of substantial, environmental, and structural analogy between any two concrete systems. The definition is then given a methodological application.
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