CRT implantation: Lead stabilization using coronary sinus side branch stenting

Objective We describe a method to stabilize CS lead position using stent implantation in a CS side branch to anchor the electrode to the wall of the vein, in cases of intraoperative or postoperative lead dislocation, unstable lead position and phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). Methods 403 patients were treated with stenting. After finding the desired lead position bare metal coronary stent was introduced via another guide wire, but in the same CS sheath. The stent was deposited 5–35 mm proximal to the tip of the electrode with a pressure of 6 to 14 atmospheres. Results Mechanical damage of the CS side branch or pericardial effusion was not observed. During follow-up (median 39, 23–48, max. 82 months) re-operation was necessary in only two patients because of high pacing threshold, while repositioning with ablation catheter was performed in 7 cases because of PNS. Impedance measurements did not suggest lead insulation failure. Transvenous extraction of stented CS leads was successful after 3, 18 and 49 months, while 4 leads were extracted easily during heart transplantation. Conclusion Stent implantation to stabilize CS lead position seems to be effective and safe for the prevention and treatment of CS lead dislocation in special cases.