Co‐Detoxification of Multiple Mycotoxins: Microbial and Enzymatic Biodegradation Processes

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The co‐contamination of food and feed with multiple mycotoxins—aflatoxin B1(AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T‐2 toxin (T‐2), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA)—poses a significant threat to global food safety, with synergistic effects exacerbating health and economic risks. Biological detoxification using microorganisms or enzymes has emerged as a promising and eco‐friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods, yet the simultaneous biodegradation of multiple mycotoxins remains poorly systematized. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on microbial‐ and enzymatic‐mediated co‐detoxification It first reviews principal degradation pathways, reaction types, cleavage sites, and degradation products for key mycotoxins. Subsequently, it focuses on the characteristics and co‐detoxification progresses of multi‐mycotoxins by efficient single strains, synergistic microbial consortia, and natural/engineered enzymes. A particular emphasis is placed on the broad substrate specificity of enzymes such as laccases and peroxidases, as well as fusion enzyme technology. To address narrow enzyme substrate specificity and limited stability, this review proposes advanced approaches involving enzyme engineering (directed evolution, rational design) and synthetic biology (construction of engineered food‐grade hosts for multi‐enzyme expression). To address low degradation efficiency, emerging technologies such as high‐throughput screening of highly efficient strains and synthetic biology developing composite detoxifying agents are recommended. By integrating insights into co‐detoxification pathways, this review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for developing sustainable, scalable, and safe biological solutions against the challenge of multi‐mycotoxin contamination.