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Depth profiles of titanium, iron, and niobium concentrations are investigated with an electron microprobe in planar optical LiNbO3:Ti waveguides additionally doped with iron. The profiles are well described by Gaussian functions allowing the determination of diffusion constants. The extraordinary refractive index of the waveguides can be described by a linear superposition of iron and titanium profiles.
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Kip et al. (1993) studied this question.
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