Language and culture, as conceptualized in traditional anthropology, may have an important influence on pain and brain-behavior relations. The paradigm case for the influence of language and culture on perception and cognition is stipulated in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which has been applied to phenomena "external" to the individual. In this paper, the paradigm is applied to information the person retrieves from "inside" his body; namely, "noxious" stimuli which get registered in consciousness as pain.
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Horacio Fàbrega (1989) studied this question.