Genetic syndromes and mental retardation

Purpose of review In recent years there has been a marked increase in interest in specific genetic syndromes. Researchers have examined a number of themes including psychopathology and maladaptive behaviour, neurobiology, neuroimaging, developmental features (including language, cognition and adaptive functioning) and family adaptation. This review aims to highlight some of the more interesting recent research into genetic syndromes associated with mental retardation. Recent findings Obviously it has been necessary to be selective in such a wide-ranging area. We have concentrated on research into specific behaviour patterns or behavioural phenotypes of genetic syndromes. Some general issues are discussed before focusing on seven specific syndromes - Down syndrome, fragile X, Angelman syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome, Turner syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome and Cri du Chat syndrome. Summary In this review we have attempted to outline some of the recent findings in a number of genetic syndromes associated with mental retardation.