Currently, there are many options in cartilage repair. These cartilage repair techniques can generally be categorized into 3 groups: marrow stimulation-based techniques, osteochondral transfer techniques, and cell-based cartilage repair techniques. This review article presents an overview of these techniques, indications for usage, advantages and disadvantages of each, and a current review of applications in foot and ankle surgery.
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Clair et al. (2009) studied this question.
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