Approach to Quorum Sensing and Functions of Signal Molecules in Biofilms

Quorum sensing (QS) permits bacteria to assess their local population density and physical confinement via the secretion and detection of small, diffusible signal molecules. Bacteria physically interact with surfaces to develop complex multicellular and often multispecies assemblies, together with biofilms and smaller aggregates. The potential of bacteria to communicate and act as a group for social interactions like a multi-cellular organism has provided remarkable benefits to bacteria in host colonization, formation of biofilms, defense against competitors, and adaptation to changing environments. Signal molecules functions and biofilm development often requires cell-cell communication between colonizing bacteria. Significantly, many quorum sensing-controlled activities have been entangled in the virulence and pathogenic potential of bacteria. Accordingly, knowing the molecular details of quorum sensing mechanisms and functioning of signal molecules in biofilms may results in controlling bacterial infections.