We constructed a bio-solar cell based on photosynthesis. The bioanode comprises thylakoid membranes from spinach on carbon nanotubes immobilized on a gold-spattered indium tin oxide electrode. [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 was used as a soluble mediator. The bioanode exhibited a photocurrent density of 180 µA cm−2 at 0 V vs. Ag|AgCl|sat. KCl. The biocathode comprises bilirubin oxidase for direct-electron-transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction. The cell was constructed without a separator and exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.61 V and a maximum power density of 50 µW cm−2.
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Adachi et al. (2019) studied this question.
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