Nicotinic Acid Analogs: Effects on Response of Chick Embryos and Hens to Organophosphate Toxicants

Embryonic abnormalities are known to be induced in chick embryos when they are injected with certain organophosphate insecticides prior to incubation. The marked teratogenic effects of Bidrin [3-(dimethoxyphosphinyloxy) N, N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide] can be alleviated by many analogs of nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Successive hydroxylation and N-dealkylation of Bidrin in the egg are not greatly altered by injection of nicotinamide. The delayed neurotoxicity in adult hens after administering tri-o-cresyl phosphate is also partially relieved by administering certain nicotinamide analogs.