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This work reports a method for the micro-fabrication of bismuth-film electrodes (BiFEs) suitable for trace metal analysis by stripping voltammetry. The sensors were fabricated by sputtering of a thin film of bismuth on the surface of an oxidized silicon wafer while the geometry of the devices was defined by photolithography. This approach for the formation of the bismuth film has some distinct advantages compared to the conventional bismuth electroplating method. These devices were tested for the determination of trace Tl(I) in aqueous samples by stripping voltammetry.
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Kokkinos et al. (2009) studied this question.
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