The effect of heating rate (2 to 30°C/min) during sintering on the perovskite phase content, density, microstructure, and dielectric properties of 0.9PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 –0.1PbTiO 3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics has been studied. Increasing the heating rate reduced the level of PbO evaporation and resulted in high perovskite content and dense ceramics. With slow heating rate (2–10°C/min), excess MgO segregated as isolated submicrometer particles in the perovskite grains; these precipitates were absent in ceramics sintered with a heating rate of 30°C/min. The maximum dielectric constant was optimized with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The temperature of maximum dielectric constant shifted downward as the heating rate was increased.
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Liou et al. (1994) studied this question.
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