Nitric Oxide Nanosensors for Predicting the Development of Osteoarthritis in Rat Model

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic arthritic disease that causes the overproduction of inflammatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO). This study develops a NO nanosensor to predict the OA development. The nanosensor is synthesized by encapsulating the NO sensing molecules (i.e., 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein Diaminofluorescein-FM (DAF-FM)) within the biodegradable poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) nanoparticles. In vitro, the nanosensor allows the monitoring of the NO release in interleukin-1β-stimulated chondrocytes and the alleviated effect of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (a NO inhibitor) and andrographolide (an anti-inflammatory agent). In the rat OA model, it permits the quantification of NO level in joint fluid. The proposed NO nanosensor may facilitate a noninvasive and real-time evaluation of the OA development.