Deformation of single, nanometer-sized metal crystals is monitored in situ by transmission electron microscopy (see Figure). Compressive forces from graphitic shells encapsulating Mo or W crystals lead to slow but considerable deformation. The formation of twins and grain boundaries is observed. Sustained or cyclic deformation leads to re-annealing of defects so that a permanent accumulation of defects in the crystals does not occur.
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Li et al. (2005) studied this question.
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