Temperature and Humidity Control System for Quail Cages Based on Fuzzy Logic

Quails require stable environmental temperature and humidity to maintain health, reduce thermal stress, and support productivity. Conventional threshold-based control systems often show limited adaptability to dynamic environmental fluctuations in small-scale poultry farming. This study proposes an adaptive temperature and humidity control system for quail cages based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) implemented on an ESP32 microcontroller using real-time feedback from a DHT22 sensor. The proposed system employs the Mamdani fuzzy method to control the heater and blower actuators via pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signals. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a low-cost adaptive fuzzy control framework specifically designed for small-scale quail cage environments with simultaneous heater–blower regulation based on combined temperature and humidity conditions. Experimental simulation results demonstrate that at low-temperature and dry-humidity conditions (18°Celcius, 40 relative humidity), the system produces a heater PWM of 223.3 and a blower PWM of 29.7. Under ideal environmental conditions (27°C, 60%RH), both outputs decrease to approximately 26.7 PWM, indicating energy-efficient operation. At high-temperature and high-humidity conditions (35°C, 80% RH), the heater decreases to 27.3 PWM while the blower increases to 224.6 PWM. These findings confirm that the proposed system provides adaptive, stable, and responsive environmental control for quail cages.