Systematic review demonstrates therapeutic mechanisms of natural saponins in acute lung injury models, highlighting their potential as alternatives to glucocorticoids.
Key Points
To comprehensively review the molecular targets, cellular regulatory mechanisms, and translational challenges of natural saponins in treating acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Systematic evaluation of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies detailing saponin bioactivity in acute lung injury models.
Analysis of saponin-mediated modulation across inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathways in effector cells such as macrophages and neutrophils.
Assessment of structural modification and formulation strategies designed to improve pharmacokinetic stability and reduce hemolytic toxicity.
Natural saponins confer extensive protection in experimental lung injury models by attenuating inflammatory signaling, reducing oxidative damage, and blocking apoptotic cell death.
Saponin administration modulates immune effector responses by suppressing pro-inflammatory activation and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils.
Chemical structural modifications and novel drug delivery formulations effectively mitigate saponin-induced hemolysis while improving oral bioavailability for clinical translation.