Study of Fortified Cities With Enceinte That Spanish Empire Founded in New Continent (Part 2) : On the City Planning and Fortification for Foundation of Panama City

The author categorizes Spanish colonial ports with enceinte into two types. The first type is a city with enceinte with two or three sides like Veracruz. The second type is a city with enceinte with one side facing inland like Panama City. This paper analyzes Panama City. Panama City is more regulated than cities of the first type because the enceinte was built when the city was founded while the enceinte of the first type was constructed after the cities had been developed. Panama City could have been intentionally planned because the urban area had been determined by the enceinte.